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1.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 66(8): 1861-8, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21622971

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin on cardiovascular disease risk through the serial measurement of several laboratory markers in HCV-monoinfected and HCV/HIV-coinfected patients. METHODS: In a longitudinal study, biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation and oxidative stress were measured during and after therapy. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients were included; 32 (57.1%) were HCV/HIV coinfected and 24 (42.9%) were HCV monoinfected. Compared with baseline, during HCV therapy there was a significant decrease in the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (P < 0.001), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (P ≤ 0.01) and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (P = 0.002). In contrast, levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and fibrinogen increased during treatment. After treatment discontinuation, levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and tumour necrosis factor-α were significantly lower compared with baseline, a change restricted to patients with sustained virological response. Decreases in transaminases and HCV-RNA from baseline correlated positively with the decrease in ICAM-1 concentration 6 months after treatment discontinuation. Changes in biomarkers were similar in HIV-infected and -uninfected patients. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment for HCV induces different changes in several cardiovascular risk biomarkers, most being anti-atherogenic effects, although only the anti-atherogenic effects remain after treatment discontinuation in patients with sustained virological response.


Assuntos
Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/administração & dosagem , Polietilenoglicóis/administração & dosagem , Ribavirina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Aterosclerose/patologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon alfa-2 , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas Recombinantes
2.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 29(3): 185-192, mar. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-92649

RESUMO

Introducción La inmigración es un proceso imparable. Los inmigrantes pueden tener infecciones comunes en nuestro medio o exóticas o más prevalentes en su entorno. Material y métodos Estudio de todos los pacientes inmigrantes atendidos en una unidad de enfermedades infecciosas de un hospital general desde junio de 2001 hasta mayo de 2010.ResultadosSe estudió a 1.071 pacientes: procedentes de América Latina (405; 37,8%), África del norte (281; 26,2%), Europa del este (186; 17,4%), África subsahariana (178; 16,6%) y Asia (21; 2,0%). Las enfermedades infecciosas transmisibles fueron la primera causa de consulta (53,8%), más común entre los originales de África del norte (61,6%) y Europa del este (69,4%) (p=0,001). La segunda causa de consulta fueron las enfermedades infecciosas comunes (29%). Acudieron por enfermedades infecciosas tropicales el 16,4%, especialmente los procedentes del África subsahariana (36%) y Latinoamérica (25,9%) (p<0,001). Los diagnósticos más comunes fueron la infección tuberculosa latente (20,8%) (más frecuente en los procedentes de Europa del este [27,4%] [p=0,004]), infección respiratoria (12,5%), infecciones de transmisión sexual (10,6%) (más frecuentes en los de África del norte [17,1%] [p=0,004]), hepatitis crónica (10,4%) (más frecuente en los de Europa del este [26,3%] [p < 0,001] y África subsahariana [16,9%] [p=0,004]) y tuberculosis activa (8,7%) (más frecuente en los del África subsahariana [15,7%] [p=0,001]).Conclusiones El espectro de las enfermedades infecciosas en la población inmigrante en nuestro entorno es muy amplio e incluye numerosas enfermedades tropicales y transmisibles, pero también infecciones comunes. Aunque las enfermedades transmisibles son la primera causa de consulta, las infecciones comunes son una parte importante de la actividad asistencial (AU)


Introduction: Immigration is an inexorable process. Immigrants may suffer infectious diseases commonly seen in our environment, or those more exotic or more prevalent in their own environment. Material and methods: A study was performed including all immigrants see in an Infectious Diseases Unit of a general hospital from June 2001 to May 2010.Results: We studied 1,071 patients from Latin America (n = 405, 37.8%), Northern Africa (n = 281, 26.2%),Eastern Europe (n = 186, 17.4%), sub-Saharan Africa (n = 178, 16.6%), and Asia (21, 2.0%). Transmissible infectious diseases were the leading cause of consultation (53.8%), and they were more common among people coming from Northern Africa (61.6%) and Eastern Europe (69.4%) (P = .001). The second reason for consultation was for common infectious diseases (29%). Tropical infectious diseases were diagnosed in16.4% of the patients, particularly from sub-Saharan Africa (36%), and Latin America (25.9%) (P < .001). The most common diagnoses were latent tuberculous infection (20.8%) [most common in those from Eastern Europe (27.4%) (P = .004)], respiratory tract infection (12.5%), sexually transmitted infections (10.6%)[most common in patients from Northern Africa (17.1%) (P = .004)], chronic hepatitis (10.4%) [most common in patients from Eastern Europe (26.3%) (P < .001) and sub-Saharan Africa (16.9%) (P = .004)], and active tuberculosis (8.7%) [most common in sub-Saharan Africa patients (15.7%) (P = .001)].Conclusions: The spectrum of infectious diseases in the immigrant population in our area is broad, and includes a wide variety of tropical and communicable diseases, but also of common infections. While communicable diseases are the leading cause of consultation, common infections constitute an important part of health care activity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Doenças Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 29(3): 185-92, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21349607

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Immigration is an inexorable process. Immigrants may suffer infectious diseases commonly seen in our environment, or those more exotic or more prevalent in their own environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was performed including all immigrants see in an Infectious Diseases Unit of a general hospital from June 2001 to May 2010. RESULTS: We studied 1,071 patients from Latin America (n=405, 37.8%), Northern Africa (n=281, 26.2%), Eastern Europe (n=186, 17.4%), sub-Saharan Africa (n=178, 16.6%), and Asia (21, 2.0%). Transmissible infectious diseases were the leading cause of consultation (53.8%), and they were more common among people coming from Northern Africa (61.6%) and Eastern Europe (69.4%) (P=.001). The second reason for consultation was for common infectious diseases (29%). Tropical infectious diseases were diagnosed in 16.4% of the patients, particularly from sub-Saharan Africa (36%), and Latin America (25.9%) (P<.001). The most common diagnoses were latent tuberculous infection (20.8%) [most common in those from Eastern Europe (27.4%) (P=.004)], respiratory tract infection (12.5%), sexually transmitted infections (10.6%) [most common in patients from Northern Africa (17.1%) (P=.004)], chronic hepatitis (10.4%) [most common in patients from Eastern Europe (26.3%) (P<.001) and sub-Saharan Africa (16.9%) (P=.004)], and active tuberculosis (8.7%) [most common in sub-Saharan Africa patients (15.7%) (P=.001)]. CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of infectious diseases in the immigrant population in our area is broad, and includes a wide variety of tropical and communicable diseases, but also of common infections. While communicable diseases are the leading cause of consultation, common infections constitute an important part of health care activity.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , África/etnologia , Ásia/etnologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/etnologia , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Europa (Continente)/etnologia , Feminino , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/etnologia , Departamentos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Gerais/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactente , Infectologia/organização & administração , América Latina/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias/etnologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/etnologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Medicina Tropical , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/etnologia , Adulto Jovem
4.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 23(8): 469-473, oct. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-040271

RESUMO

Fundamentos. Determinar las características de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en los extranjeros residentes en Elche. Métodos. Se han comparado retrospectivamente las características clinicoepidemiológicas de los casos de infección por el VIH en extranjeros inmigrantes, extranjeros no inmigrantes y nacidos en España, atendidos en el Área de Salud de Elche en el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 1998 y el 31 de diciembre de 2003. Resultados. De los 659 pacientes atendidos, 30 (4,6%) eran extranjeros inmigrantes y 11 (1,7%) extranjeros no inmigrantes. La proporción de inmigrantes aumentó a lo largo del período de estudio del 1,6 al 9,8% (p < 0,001). La proporción de mujeres fue mayor en inmigrantes (36,7%) que en extranjeros no inmigrantes (27,3%) y nacionales (18,4%) (p = 0,04). La edad de los inmigrantes fue inferior a la de los extranjeros no inmigrantes y a la de los nacionales (p = 0,02). La transmisión sexual como factor de riesgo de adquisición del VIH fue más frecuente entre los inmigrantes (80%) que entre los extranjeros no inmigrantes (27,3%) y nacionales (14,7%) (p = 0,005). La utilización de tratamiento antirretroviral y la mortalidad fue similar en inmigrantes y en no inmigrantes. Conclusiones. La epidemiología de la infección por el VIH en inmigrantes fue diferente a la de la población autóctona, pero no lo fue el acceso al tratamiento antirretroviral y la mortalidad (AU)


Background. To determine the characteristics of HIV-infection in foreign patients residing in Elche, Spain. Method. A retrospective comparative analysis of clinical and epidemiological characteristics was performed to study HIV-infection in foreign immigrants, foreigners who were not immigrants and the native Spanish population between January 1998 and December 2003. Results. Among the 659 patients attended, 30 (4.6%) were foreign immigrants and 11 (1.7%) foreign non-immigrants. The percentage of affected immigrants increased during the study period from 1.6% to 9.8% (p < 0.001). There was a higher percentage of women in the immigrant group (36.7%) than in the foreign non-immigrant (27.3%) and native (18.4%) groups (p = 0.04). Mean age of the immigrants was lower than that of the foreign non-immigrants and native population (p = 0.02). Sexual transmission as a risk factor for acquiring HIV infection was higher in the immigrant (80%) group than in the foreign non-immigrant (27.3%) and native populations (14.7%), (p = 0.005). Antiretroviral treatment and mortality were similar in immigrant and non-immigrant patients.Conclusions. The epidemiology of HIV infection in foreign patients was different from that observed in the native population, but access to antiretroviral treatment and mortality were similar (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Humanos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Espanha/epidemiologia
5.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 23(8): 469-73, 2005 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16185560

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To determine the characteristics of HIV-infection in foreign patients residing in Elche, Spain. METHOD: A retrospective comparative analysis of clinical and epidemiological characteristics was performed to study HIV-infection in foreign immigrants, foreigners who were not immigrants and the native Spanish population between January 1998 and December 2003. RESULTS: Among the 659 patients attended, 30 (4.6%) were foreign immigrants and 11 (1.7%) foreign non-immigrants. The percentage of affected immigrants increased during the study period from 1.6% to 9.8% (p < 0.001). There was a higher percentage of women in the immigrant group (36.7%) than in the foreign non-immigrant (27.3%) and native (18.4%) groups (p = 0.04). Mean age of the immigrants was lower than that of the foreign non-immigrants and native population (p = 0.02). Sexual transmission as a risk factor for acquiring HIV infection was higher in the immigrant (80%) group than in the foreign non-immigrant (27.3%) and native populations (14.7%), (p = 0.005). Antiretroviral treatment and mortality were similar in immigrant and non-immigrant patients. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology of HIV infection in foreign patients was different from that observed in the native population, but access to antiretroviral treatment and mortality were similar.


Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha/epidemiologia
6.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 118(19): 721-4, 2002 May 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12049703

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To assess the risk factors associated with genotypic resistance to protease inhibitors (PI) in HIV-infected subjects with virologic failure despite highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective chart review including 47 consecutive patients with virologic failure despite PI-based HAART who had undergone a genotypic HIV-1 testing. The prevalence of genotypic resistance to PI was determined and several demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were compared between patients with and without genotypic resistance to those drugs. RESULTS: The entire nucleotide sequence of the protease gene was obtained in 43 of the 47 patients; 18 of them had genotypic resistance to PI. Genotypic resistance to PI was associated with a previous therapy with suboptimal antiretroviral regimens (OR = 10.2; 95% CI, 1.05-245.1; P = 0.02), duration of antiretroviral therapy longer than 18 months (OR = 13.3; 95% CI, 1.23-340.85; P = 0.01), greater number of antiretroviral regimens and drugs before the virologic failure (p < 0.01) and presence of the 184V mutation in the reverse transcriptase gene (OR = 5.6; 95% CI, 1.2-29.2; P = 0.02). There was no relationship between PI resistance and the risk group, viral load or CD4 cell count. In the multivariate analysis, previous therapy with suboptimal antiretroviral regimens was the better predictor of PI resistance (OR = 11.1; 95% CI, 1.04-117.47; P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with suboptimal antiretroviral activity regimens before starting HAART can be at greater risk of developing genotypic resistance to protease inhibitors.


Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Viral , HIV/enzimologia , Proteínas dos Retroviridae/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores de Proteases , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 118(19): 721-724, mayo 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-13118

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO: Evaluar los factores asociados con la presencia de resistencia genotípica frente a los inhibidores de la proteasa (IP) en sujetos infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en situación de fracaso virológico a pesar del tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA). PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo en 47 pacientes consecutivos con fracaso virológico con TARGA con IP a quienes se realizó un análisis genotípico del VIH. Se determinó la prevalencia de resistencia genotípica a los IP y se comparó la frecuencia de diversas variables demográficas, clínicas y analíticas en los pacientes con y sin resistencia frente a estos fármacos. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo la secuencia nucleotídica completa del gen de la proteasa en 43 de los 47 pacientes; 18 de ellos presentaban resistencia genotípica a los IP. La presencia de resistencia se asoció con haber recibido tratamiento previo con pautas de actividad antirretroviral subóptima (odds ratio [OR] = 10,2; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 por ciento, 1,05-245,1; p = 0,02), con una duración del tratamiento superior a 18 meses (OR = 13,3; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,23-340,85; p = 0,01), con un mayor número de pautas y agentes antirretrovirales recibidos antes del fracaso terapéutico (p < 0,01) y con la presencia de la mutación 184V en el gen de la transcriptasa inversa (OR = 5,6; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,2-29,2; p = 0,02). No se encontró relación entre la resistencia a los IP y el grupo de riesgo, la carga viral o el recuento de linfocitos CD4. En el análisis multivariado el tratamiento previo con pautas de actividad antirretroviral subóptima fue el mejor predictor de resistencia a los IP (OR = 11,1; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,04-117,47; p = 0,046). CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes tratados con pautas antirretrovirales de actividad subóptima antes del inicio del TARGA pueden tener un mayor riesgo de desarrollar resistencia genotípica a los IP. (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Farmacorresistência Viral , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo , Infecções por HIV , Fármacos Anti-HIV , Proteínas dos Retroviridae , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inibidores de Proteases , HIV
8.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 117(11): 410-412, oct. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-3270

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO: El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar el efecto de la vacunación antigripal sobre la carga viral plasmática del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y los linfocitos T CD4 en pacientes con infección por el VIH en fase avanzada. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional en pacientes con título de linfocitos T CD4 inferior a 200 × 106/l en tratamiento antirretroviral. Se practicaron vacunación antigripal voluntaria y determinación de la carga viral y de los linfocitos T CD4 basalmente y a las 4 y 12 semanas de la visita inicial en vacunados y en no vacunados. RESULTADOS: Se analizó a 16 pacientes, de los que 10 recibieron la vacuna. En los vacunados se observó un descenso de los linfocitos T CD4 a las 4 semanas (p = 0,025), así como una tendencia ascendente en la carga viral. Los cambios se observaron exclusivamente en los 6 enfermos que tenían la carga viral elevada en el momento de la vacunación. El descenso de los linfocitos T CD4 en este subgrupo fue significativo también a las 12 semanas (p = 0,043). La media del descenso de los linfocitos T CD4 fue del 49,8 por ciento de los valores basales. En tres pacientes la reducción superó el 60 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: La vacunación antigripal podría acompañarse de un empeoramiento de la situación inmunológica en los pacientes con infección por el VIH con inmunodepresión grave que están en situación de fracaso virológico (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Carga Viral , Vacinas contra Influenza , Vacinas contra Influenza , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções por HIV , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
9.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 115(11): 401-404, oct. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-6582

RESUMO

Fundamento: Caracterizar las mutaciones asociadas con resistencia en fracasos virológicos con tratamientos antirretrovirales de gran actividad (TARGA). Métodos: Estudio genotípico de la transcriptasa inversa y de la proteasa del VIH-1 en 33 pacientes con fracaso virológico, pese al buen cumplimiento del tratamiento. Resultados: Se detectaron mutaciones en 32 de los 33 pacientes. En 27 (81,8 por ciento) se trataba de mutaciones primarias: en el gen de la transcriptasa inversa en 26 (78,8 por ciento) y en el de la proteasa en 20 (60,6 por ciento). El 66,6 por ciento presentaba resistencias a dos fármacos y el 60,6 por ciento resistencias a fármacos de los dos principales grupos terapéuticos. En el momento del fracaso, el 72,7 por ciento de los pacientes recibía al menos un fármaco frente al que se identificaron genotipos resistentes; el 48,5 por ciento, dos fármacos, y el 21,2 por ciento, tres fármacos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes que fracasan pese al buen cumplimiento del tratamiento con TARGA presen (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Obesidade , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Constituição Corporal , Tecido Adiposo , Abdome , HIV-1 , Zidovudina , Infecções por HIV , Inibidores da Protease de HIV , Fármacos Anti-HIV , Indinavir , Falha de Tratamento , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa , Mutação , Endopeptidases , Inibidores de Proteases , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por RNA , Nevirapina , Antropometria , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Estudos Transversais , HIV , Genótipo
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